•A file system or file management tells us about the process that how we can manage the file and data and where on a storage disk.

•In this process it compresses files and separated into groups, called directories.

•It is a logical disk component and it manages a disk’s internal operations.

•Files and additional directories can be in the directories.

•There are various file systems with Windows, NTFS is the most common in modern times.

•A file with the same name can not possible to exist.

•Also it is not possible to remove installed programs and recover specific files without file management. The file system helps us to view a file in the current directory.

•Any disk has a file system, despite type and usage.

•It contains information about file size, file name, file location fragment information, and where disk data is stored and also describes how a user or application may access the data.

•The operations like metadata, file naming, storage management, and directories/folders are all managed by the file system.

•On a storage device, files are stored in sectors in which data is stored in groups of sectors called blocks.

•The size and location of the files are identified by the file system, and depending on it also helps to recognize which sectors are ready to be used.

•There are some other operating systems (Other than Windows) that contain FAT and NTFS file system.

•Apple product (like iOS and macOS) uses HFS+ as operating system is horizon by many different kinds of file systems.

•If a program is built for use in macOS, then it will be unable to use this program on windows because programs are file system-dependent.

•Sometimes the term “file system” is used in the reference of partitions.

•And the drive can not be divided between two file systems, NTFS and FAT. But it means two separate partitions are there that use the same physical disk.

FAT: 

•FAT (File allocation table) is a type of file system, which is developed for hard drives and was first introduced in 1977.

•It is used for 12 or 16 bits for each and every cluster access into the file allocation table (FAT).

•In devices like digital cameras, flash memory, and other portable devices, that it is used to store file information.

•Today, FAT is not used by later versions of Microsoft Windows like Windows XP, Vista, 7, and 10 as they use NTFS.

•The FAT8, FAT12, FAT32, FAT16 are all the different types of FAT (for file allocation table).

GFS: 

•A GFS is a file system, which stands for Global File System, which is first developed at the University of Minnesota.

•But now it is maintained by Red Hat.

•It has the ability to make enable multiple computers to act as an integrated machine.

•Soupose the physical distance of two or more computers is high, so they are unable to send files directly with each other.

•A GFS file system makes them capable of sharing a group of files directly.

•A computer can organize its I/O to preserve file systems with the help of a global file system.

HFS: 

•HFS (Hierarchical file system) is the file system that is used on a Macintosh computer.

•It is used for creating a directory at the time a hard disk is formatted.

•Generally, its basic function is to organize or hold the files on a Macintosh hard disk.

NTFS: 

•NTFS is the file system (NT file system) that stores and retrieves files on Windows NT operating system and other versions of Windows like Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows 7, and Windows 10.

•Sometimes, it is known as the New Technology File System.

•As compared to the FAT and HPFS file system, it provides better methods of file recovery and data protection and offers a number of improvements in terms of extendibility, security, and performance.

UDF: 

•A UDF is a file system (Universal Disk Format),  used first developed by OSTA (Optical Storage Technology Association) in 1995 for ensuring consistency among data written to several optical media.

•It is used with CD-ROMs and DVD-ROMs and is supported on all operating systems.

•Now, it is used in the process of CD-R’s and CD-RW’s, called packet writing.

•Two or three layers are contained by the file system.

•For file operations, the API (Application Program Interface) is provided by the logical file system, like OPEN, CLOSE, READ, and more because it is responsible for interaction with the user application.

•And  for processing, the requested operation is forwarded to the layer that is located below it.

•The third layer is responsible for handling buffering and memory management, which is called the physical file system.

•It is involved with the physical operation of the storage device.

Different types of file systems :

Disk file systems –

•A disk file system is used to address data randomly within a few amounts of time on the disk storage medium.

•Also, it includes the speed of accessing data.

•Multiple users can access several data on the disk with the help of a disk file system.

Flash file systems –

•It is designed for a flash device.

•A flash file system is responsible for performance, and special abilities of flash memory.

•A disk file system is the basic storage media, which can use a flash memory device.

Tape file systems –

•A tape file system is used to hold files on the tape in a tape format and file system.

•As compared to disks, magnetic tapes are more powerful to access data for a long time.

Database file systems –

•A database-based file system is another method for file management.

•Files are recognized by their characteristics (like a type of file, author, topic, etc.).

Network file systems –

•A network file system helps to access to files on a server with the help of FTP.

•With the help of local interfaces, in a remote network-connected computers, programs are able to create, manage and access importance files and directories.