Mr John Von Neumann in 1970 gives some idea on Computer Architecture.

•CU  >   Input Device >  Output Device 

•ALU

•Primary Unit

•Secondary Storage

•CU > Control Unit > Arithmetic & Logic Unit

Input Device

The most common input devices are the keyboard, mouse, and touch screen. There are more input devices, like microphones to capture sound waves, scanners to capture image data, and virtual reality devices to capture our body movements.

ASC II

A  – 00001

B – 00010

C – 00011

Output Device

Some common examples of output devices are: Monitor/Display, Printer, Speakers, Headphones/Earphones, Projectors, Plotters, Braille Display, Haptic Feedback Device, Digital Signage Display, Touchscreens, etc.

CPU (CU+REGISTER+ALU)

•Transfer instruction & Input date from main memory to register

•Executes the instruction in the stored sequence.

•CPU transfer output data from registers to main memory.

ALU

All arithmetic & logical operations executes.

•Registers

•Data

1)  Logical operations

2)  Arithmetic operations

3)Bit – shifting operations

4)Comparison operation (=, <. < = >, >=)

CU (Control Unit)

• It controls input device, output device,

• Direct the Computer to Carry out stored program instruction by communicating with the ALU & registers and Organise the processing of date & instructions.

•Fetch the instruction stores stored in main memory.

•Identify the operation.

•The devices involved in it.

•Generate control signals.  

Memory Unit

• Temporary & Permanent

Micro processor

•Main Hardware that drive the computers

•Controlling element in a computer system

COMPUTER SYSTEM

Uses in

•Computer

•Calculator

•Any digital system

The speed of CUP depends upon the type of micro processor used in it.

1971 – Intel 4004

•Pentium Series

•i3, i5, i7 series.

MOTHER BOARD

The main Circuit Board

•Main Board

•Logic Board

•System Board

MB

•All the electronic devices

•All the circuits of computer system

• RAM + ROM + Expansion Slots + PCI Slots

• USB Ports + VGA Ports + HDMI Ports

• Controllers for devices (HDD, DVD, Drive, KB, Mouse)
• BIOS
• CMOS Battery
• Buses

Bus

•A Set of wires used for inter connections.

•Each wire can carry one bit of data.

•Electronic signal pathways that allows information & signals.

•Between components inside or outside of a computer.

• Internal Bus & External Bus

Internal Bus

•CPU > System memory  System Bus

•Command to access  the memory or I/O devices > Control Bus

•Address of I/O devices or memory

•Address Bar

•The data to be transferred

•Data bus

External Bus

> External devices >   Peripherals >  Expansion slot  > I/O ports

> Other (Expansion bus)

Monitor

An image on the monitor is created by configuration of dots,

ØPixels

ØResolution

ØDot Pitch

ØRefreshment Rate – How many times/ sec the display is able to drawn a new image.

Types of Monitor

• Cathode Ray Tube
• Liquid Crystal Display
• Light Emitting Diode
• Thin Film Transistor

PRINTER

CPS  > Characters per Second

LPM > Lines per Second 

PPM > Pages per Minute

DPI > Dots per Inch

Impact Printer

Printer strikes paper and ribbon together to form a character

ØDot Matrix Printer

ØDaisy Wheel Printer

ØLine Pinter Drum Printer

Non-Impact Printer

Printer uses electrostatic chemicals and inkjet technologies

ØInject Printer

ØThermal Printer

ØLaser Printer

ØElectromagnetic Printer

ØElectrostatic Printer

Input/Output/ 1/0 Port

•External interfaces, used to connect input & output devices.

•1/0 devices are connected to the computer via different ports

ØParallel port

ØSerial port

ØUSB Firewive